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Addiction to ether consumption, or etheromania, is the addiction to the inhalation or drinking of diethyl ether, commonly called "ether". Studies, including that of an ether addict in 2003, have shown that ether causes dependence; however, the only symptom observed was a will to consume more ether. No withdrawal symptoms were prevalent. 〔Krenz, Zimmermann, Kolly, Zullino 2003 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00439.x/abstract〕 == History == During the second half of the 19th century, ether was in vogue as a recreational drug in some places, becoming especially popular in Ireland, as temperance campaigners thought it was an acceptable alternative to alcohol.〔〔 Indeed until 1890, when it was classified as a poison, more than 17,000 gallons of ether were being consumed in Ireland, mostly as a beverage.〔 Addiction to ether consumption had posed a serious social problem in Poland between the two World Wars. The drinking of ether, as well as related liquids (Hoffman's drops) was commonplace and widespread foremost in the region of Upper Silesia.〔〔 According to surveys conducted in the 1930s, in certain villages a large portion of pupils of public schools had regularly drunk ether. Teachers had recalled that at certain times they had to send home pupils who were under the influence of the drug.〔 Common drinking of ether by mine workers had caused the issue of a restriction, banning access by intoxicated persons to the mines (the main cause for concern was the risk of fire). Plant doctors had received a stark warning to drastically limit the purchases of ether and its mixtures for factory doctors' offices. The Catholic Church was engaged in fighting this addiction - it was often the topic of sermons, certain priests refused absolution to the addicted, and even reported the members of their parishes to the police. The consumption of ether was also spread in the regions of Suwałki, south-eastern Poland, the Beskidy mountains, Kujawy, Pomerania and around Częstochowa. Ether came primarily from Germany, smuggled across the border with Germany, sometimes also from Czechoslovakia. Local authorities had estimated the smugglings to amount to thousands of kilograms per year.〔 Ether was primarily carried across the border by inhabitants living close to the border. Also, specially trained dogs were used to smuggle the ether. Both people and dogs had transported the goods in protruding metal containers which lay very close to the body and was attached to it with straps (termed in local smuggler parlance as ''blachany'', from the Polish word ''blacha'' meaning ''steel sheets'', from which they were made). Sometimes special compartments in cars were used, although attempts were also recorded to transport ether via cable cars stretched across the border river. Ether was distributed among the villages by wagons transporting straw, as well as by travelling salesmen, organ grinders and beggars. Within the villages themselves, ether was distributed in designated places, termed ''kapliczki'' (in Polish - ''chapels''). These were both places of sale as well as consumption. In the process recorded were many accidents caused by improper handling of fire. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ether addiction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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